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Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis

(Hillebr.) T.Koyama (1989)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Cyperaceae Genus: Rhynchospora

kuolohia, spiked beaksedge

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Perennials with very short rhizomes.

Stems: culms tufted, erect, 10–30 cm tall, slender, trigonous, rigid, 2–4–nodose.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Leaves basal, a few cauline and well-spaced. Blades linear, 2.0–3.0 mm wide, flat. Apex acute to acuminate, scabrous. Margins scabrous. Veins parallel. Sheaths 5–9 cm long, tightly surrounding the culm; ligule rusty brown, short, membranous, truncate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences of 2–3 anthelate partial panicles 6–15 mm long, these solitary or paired, suberect on exserted peduncles, loosely bearing 2–several clusters of spikelets; bracts longer than the subtending panicle, shortly sheathing at base, bracteoles setaceous to scale-like; spikelets broadly lanceoloid, weakly laterally compressed, 7–8 mm long, 2–2.5 mm wide; glumes 5–8, brown to yellowish brown, the middle 2–5 flower–bearing, (1)2 of them perfect, ovate–oblong, membranous, apex acuminate, the flower–bearing ones 5–6 mm long. Flowers all bisexual (perfect) or sometimes distalmost staminate. Perianth bristles 6, filiform, 4–5.5 mm long, minutely scabrous in upper part. Corolla (petals) absent. Stamens 3. filaments slightly longer than nutlet and style base; anthers linear. Ovary superior, obovoid; style base slightly shorter than the achene, up to 1.5 mm long, conical, gradually tapering from base to a filiform style; stigmas 2.

Fruit: Achenes brown; somewhat glossy; obovate; 2–3.7 mm long; ca. 1.8 mm wide; biconvex; edges subacute; the sides weakly transversely wrinkled with longitudinally oblong epidermal cells. Seeds 1; seed coat thin; free from pericarp; embryo basal; endosperm abundant.

Ploidy: 2n = 48*

Habitat: Occurring in open; wet sites in pastures; wet forest; and bogs.

Elevation Range: (150–)550–1,750 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Indigenous

Island Status

Kaua'i Indigenous
O'ahu Indigenous
Molokai Indigenous
Maui Indigenous
Hawai'i Indigenous

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 29: 127 (1989)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1428 (K, Mo, M, H); Kennedy et al. 2010:21 (O)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Kau Forest Reserve, Mt. House Trail Common along roadside. Wet w/ tree ferns, Metrosideros, Tibouchina Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 206 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-04
2 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve, South Hilo District In bog, growing with Oreobolus furcatus, Juncus tenuis, Carex montis-eeka, and Sphagnum moss. Preserved_Specimen Very common sedge. Cuddihy, L.W. 797 Hawaii BISH 1981-06-23
3 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis S. Kona District; Kohala Mts.; above Honokana nui Stream; N of twin Awini bogs Metrosideros-Machaerina montane bogs with Styphelia, Carex allligata, Calamagrostis expansa, Oreobolus furcatus, Dichanthelium cynodon, Stenogyne cranwelliae, Myrsine spp., Rhynchospora chinensis. Threats: Pigs, Juncus spp., Polygonum punctatum. Preserved_Specimen Leaves dark green; sheath yellow-brown; culms dark green. Wood, K.R. 4810 Hawaii BISH 1995-11-28
4 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve, Growing with Carex montis-eeka, C. svenonis, C. alligata, Oreobolus, Deschampsia and Panicum hillebrandianum. Common small shrubs present are Vaccinium pahalae and Styphelia douglasii. Preserved_Specimen Common sedge in silversword bog. Leaves stiff, dark green. Davis, J. 532 Hawaii BISH 1981-06-23
5 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis East Maui, Hana Forest Reserve, back of Waihoi Valley with Scaevola chamissoniana, Machaerina, uluhe Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 569 Maui BISH 1974-07-20
6 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis W Maui, Puu Kukui, top bog Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 763 Maui BISH 1922-10-07
7 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Above Pelekunu open forest bog Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 560 Molokai BISH 1916-06-05
8 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Alakai Swamp Trail Preserved_Specimen sedge Stone, B.C. 1520 Kauai BISH 1956-12-27
9 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis East Maui, Hana District, Hana Forest Reserve, N Kipahulu bog; with Rhacomitrium, Trisetum, Deschampsia, Panicum, Oreobolus Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 419 Maui BISH 1973-08-13
10 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Alakai Swamp trail between Kawaikoi stream and 1st bog Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 687 Kauai BISH 1983-12-16
11 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Honokahau Drainage Basin Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 462 Maui BISH 1917-09-25
12 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis West Maui, Eke trail Preserved_Specimen sedge Hobdy, R.W. 713 Maui BISH 1979-10-24
13 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis West Maui, Wailuku, Keahikauo Bog, NE of Eke Crater with Viola maviensis, Panicum, Oreobolus furcatus, Schizaea robusta, Styphelia, Metrosideros, Wikstroemia Preserved_Specimen Gustafson, R. 2036 Maui BISH 1980-12-10
14 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Mauna Eke forest Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 16018 Maui BISH 1918-09-05
15 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis E highland, Pepeopae bog Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 2533 Molokai BISH 1938-07-07
16 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Halealoha Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 802 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-10
17 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Waialealae Preserved_Specimen Hitchcock, A.S. 15470 Kauai BISH 1916-10-23
18 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Alakai, Lehua makanoe Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 2897 Kauai BISH 1938-08-13
19 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Kokee, Kilohana Rd. from Kalalau Lookout Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 3407 Kauai BISH 1960-04-14
20 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Kilauea Volcano Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8737 Hawaii BISH 1911-04-01
21 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Hawaii Preserved_Specimen Raynal, J. 18229 Hawaii BISH 1973-08-01
22 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Alakai Swamp Preserved_Specimen Huber, H.F.J. 31 Kauai BISH 1964-08-21
23 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Kauluwehi Swamp Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5148 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
24 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Honokahau Drainage Basin, summit of Eke Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 372 Maui BISH 1917-09-25
25 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Honokahau Drainage Basin Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 462 Maui BISH 1917-09-25
26 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Kaholuamanu, behind Waimea Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 408 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
27 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Between Kokee and Kilohana Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 940 Kauai BISH 1922-10-27
28 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Halealoha Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 802 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-10
29 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Kanelu swamp Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 199 Kauai BISH 1912-07-01
30 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis ridge between Hanalilolilo and Pepeopae, Waikolu valley, Kawela Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12559 Molokai BISH 1932-12-25
31 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Kauluwehi Swamp Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5148 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
32 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Alakai Swamp, 4000 ft. Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Kauai BISH 1936-08-17
33 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Kauai Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Kauai BISH 1916-10-01
34 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Kauai Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Kauai BISH 1916-10-01
35 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Alakai Swamp Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Kauai BISH 1913-07-08
36 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Koolau Mountains, Oahu Forest National Wildlife Refuge, Kipapa drainage. Ridge extending NNW on leeward side of Koolau summit in open, boggy habitat dominated by prostrate Metrosideros polymorpha var. pumila growing with diminutive Vaccinium and Leptecophylla, and Panicum koolauense. Preserved_Specimen Upright herb. Imada, C. 2010001 Oahu BISH 2010-10-14
37 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Puu Kukui open bog, abundant Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1326 Maui BISH 1968-11-28
38 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis West Maui, Puu Kukui open bogs Preserved_Specimen low sedge Hobdy, R.W. 661 Maui BISH 1979-08-17
39 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Summit of Waialeale bog soil Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 3064 Kauai BISH 1938-08-23
40 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis W Maui, Puu Kukui bog Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 2710 Maui BISH 1938-07-26
41 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Alakai, trail from Lehua makanoe to Kilohana bogs Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 2951 Kauai BISH 1938-08-15
42 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Honokahau Drainage Basin Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Maui BISH 1917-09-25
43 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Alakai Swamp Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1702 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
44 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Keokea, S. Kona In lehua forest. Aa flow, rough. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1504 Hawaii BISH 1936-08-20
45 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis W Maui, Puu Kukui bog Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 2698 Maui BISH 1938-07-25
46 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis below summit of Waialeale bog on trail Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 3060 Kauai BISH 1938-08-23
47 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Alakai Plateau, USGS Bog or Sincock 4 Bog. Metrosideros-Oreoblus - Dicranopteris Bog Carex, Vaccinium calycinum, Cibotum, Viola kauaensis var. kauaensis, Coprosam elliptica, Cheirodendron, Dicranopteris, Drosera anglica, Lycopodium, Carex, Dichanthelium isachnoides, D. hillebrandianum. Preserved_Specimen 6 inches tall, in open bod. Old leaves brown, new green w/ brown tips. Flower light yellow-green. Fruits red-brown w/ hairs/dried stamens red-brn. Tangalin, N. 3231 Kauai BISH 2012-07-20
48 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Aiea, Aiea Ridge Trail mauka of Puu Kaiwipoo Pseudobog habitat on wide, flat, north-pointing ridge dominated by a moss layer and dwarf vegetation consisting of Metrosideros, Sadleria, Dicranopteris, Dichanthelium, Bidens, Scaevola, Sphenomeris, a few weedy grasses, Pterolepis. Preserved_Specimen Small sedge, only occasional and no larger than this specimen in this habitat. Imada, C. 20081 Oahu BISH 2008-05-22
49 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Alakai Swamp bogs Preserved_Specimen bushy, up to 35 cm; leaves dark green, glumes dark brown van Royen, P. 11697 Kauai BISH 1977-08-31
50 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis South Kohala District, N of Honokane Nui Stream Common in bogs. Metrosideros-Cheirodendron montane wet forest & scattered Metrosideros-Machaerina montane wet bogs. W/ Viola maviensis, Lycopodium venustulum, Palhinhaea cernua, Myrsine sandwicensis & M. lessertiana, Vaccinium dentatum, Calamagrositis expansa. Preserved_Specimen Leaves & culms dark grn. Wood, K.R. 4749 Hawaii BISH 1995-11-15
51 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis West Maui, Mauna Eeke swamp Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 16017 Maui BISH 1918-09-05
52 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Puu Kukui, West Maui Common in open bog. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1329 Maui BISH 1968-11-28
53 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis East Maui, Lower Shelf of Kipahulu Valley below Delta Camp in bogs in bogs Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 1628 Maui BISH 1992-06-03
54 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Pu'u O'o trail, about 500 m from intersection with Saddle road open, sunny, wet area; uncommon Preserved_Specimen Faccenda, K. 3603 Hawaii BISH 2024-07-11
55 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis West Maui, Kahakuloa, Keoa Ridge muddy, broom hedge Preserved_Specimen dense caespitose clumps Hobdy, R.W. 1726 Maui BISH 1983-01-11
56 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Kamakou Preserve, Kawela Section, Pepeopae Bog Growing in bog with shrubby `ohi`a, pukiawe, `uki, and tussocks of Oreobolus furcatus and Panicum imbricatum. Preserved_Specimen Slender sedge up to 1' tall. Cuddihy, L.W. 1190 Molokai BISH 1982-05-27
57 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis West Maui, Mauna Eke swamp Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 16018 Maui BISH 1918-09-05
58 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Hanalei, Halelea FR, Namolokama Mt central plateau bog; with Metrosideros, Pelea, Labordia, Juncus planifolius Preserved_Specimen clumping sedge Flynn, T.W. 3020 Kauai BISH 1988-06-17
59 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis NW of Kalaheo, above Alexander Reservoir, Kanaele Swamp with Paspalum, Dryopteris goggilodus, Scirpus Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 4010 Kauai BISH 1969-07-31
60 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Waikahekahe Nui On grassy place Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1389 Hawaii BISH 1936-06-30
61 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Kapapala Forest Reserve growing with Carex, Microlaena, etc in Acacia koa, Metrosideros forest with Cibotium, Sadleria, Myoporum, and Coprosma. Preserved_Specimen Occasional sedge near access road. Davis, J. 553 Hawaii BISH 1981-07-01
62 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Waimea District. Headwaters of Kawaikoi and slopes of Koali Region. Rhynchospora chinensis-Metrosideros montane wet bog with Oreobolus furcata, Melicope clusiifolia, Viola kauaiensis, Vaccinium dentatum, V. calycina, Dianella sandwicensis, Drosera anglica, Cheirodendron platyphyllum, Gahnia beecheyi, Dichanthelim cynodo Preserved_Specimen Terrestrial sedge, dominant, in bog, with flower and seed Wood, K.R. 189673 Kauai BISH 2022-04-07
63 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Boundary road between Kapapala Forest Reserve and Kapapala Ranch, Kau District Growing by jeep road with Carex wahuensis and Microlaena stipoides in open `ohi`a - koa forest. Preserved_Specimen Small sedge. Cuddihy, L.W. 826 Hawaii BISH 1981-07-02
64 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Waialeale Incredibly wet area at summit rim. Very common to dominant monocot in the open summit bogs. Preserved_Specimen K. Faccenda 3544 Kauai BISH 2024-06-18
65 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Above Pelekunu forest bog Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 378 Molokai BISH 1916-06-05
66 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Summit of Waialeale Summit Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 3065 Kauai BISH 1938-08-23
67 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Hanalei, Halelea FR, Namolokama Mt central plateau bog; with Metrosideros, Pelea, Labordia, Juncus planifolius Preserved_Specimen clumping sedge Flynn, T.W. 3021 Kauai BISH 1988-06-17
68 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Alakai, between Lehua makanoe and Kilohana Bog pools Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 2952 Kauai BISH 1938-08-15
69 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis West Maui, Eke crater bog turf Preserved_Specimen Medeiros, A.C. 322 Maui BISH 1982-11-09
70 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis W Maui, Puu Kukui bog Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 2698 Maui BISH 1938-07-25
71 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis NW of Kalaheo, above Alexander Reservoir mossy rainforest floor; with Lycopodium, Schizaea, Eugenia, Antidesma, Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen lax habit Henrickson, J.S. 4060 Kauai BISH 1969-07-31
72 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis West Maui, Mailepai ridge scrub, grass Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1917 Maui BISH 1984-01-14
73 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Wahiawa Bog edge of pools in bog Preserved_Specimen sedge; hypogenous bristles with upturned spikes Flynn, T.W. 682 Kauai BISH 1983-12-09
74 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis Waialeale wet Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 126 Kauai BISH 1979-09-02
75 Rhynchospora chinensis subsp. spiciformis W Maui, Puu Kukui open bog Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 650 Maui BISH 1979-06-15
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